Legal Recognition Finally Comes for Taita’s Forest Guardians

By Gilbay Obunga

For generations, the communities living adjacent to the fragmented Taita Hills forests (a Key Biodiversity Area within the Eastern Afromontane Hotspot, sheltering endemic species like the critically endangered Taita Apalis, Taita Thrush, and Taita warty frog) have served as invisible guardians – their silent vigil protecting these critical ecosystems without official recognition. That changed on March 11th when the ink dried on historic Forest Management Agreements, transforming these informal protectors into recognised partners of the Kenya Forest Service. The signing ceremony at Dawson Mwanyumba Stadium marked the end of a 28-year wait for communities seeking legal standing in conservation since Kenya first adopted Participatory Forest Management.

Local elder Clarice Patrick’s hands, which once traced fresh tree stumps after nightly illegal logging, tell the story of this struggle. “We chased them by day,” she recalls, “but without authority, the destruction continued.” Now, those hands help draft firebreak plans and sustainable harvest quotas, embodying a remarkable transformation from passive observers to empowered decision-makers.

Seeds of Transformation
The agreements have sparked an unexpected transformation in which conservation now supports community livelihoods. As County Forest Officer Silvester Mwang’ombe observes, the challenge lies in balancing immediate community needs with long-term conservation – a tension yielding remarkable innovation. Honey profits now fund tree nurseries in a self-sustaining cycle, while patrols train future ecotourism guides, turning conservation into prosperity. Beyond economic gains, the agreements are rewriting relationships with the land – nowhere more visibly than in Ngangao forest, where some trees now bear identification tags in the Taita language, with each name serving as proof of renewed ownership.

John Maganga, Ngangao’s CFA chair, captures the paradigm shift: “We have moved from following distant rules to writing our own.” Delphina Malemba, representing the new generation’s perspective, echoes Maganga’s words. “Our ancestors protected forests out of obligation,” she reflects. “We are acting on evidence – watching springs flow again and wildlife return.” These voices chart the evolution from obligation to invested partnership, where every protected acre nourishes both forest and community.

Branching Out
The model’s success extends beyond the borders of Taita Hills. Taita Sub-County Administrator Ann Mwatika identifies a groundbreaking precedent: “These agreements legally intertwine traditional knowledge with formal conservation.” This innovative approach has already inspired five CFAs from Kilifi County to seek study visits, indicating its potential for replication nationwide.

Work remains to be done. As the ink dries, attention turns to implementation. Communities are establishing management units and initiating education programs like ‘Trees for School Fees.’ For communities, these signed agreements transcend paperwork – they represent generations of stewardship finally gaining legal standing. As the excitement settles in the hills, the communities stand ready to fulfil their ancient covenant, now bearing the full weight of law.

My Experience in Raising a Butterfly!

By Tilana De Meillon

The journey began by attending a Dudu Walk with the Insect Committee of Nature Kenya in November, and I was ecstatic to see that it was not focused on creepy crawlies but rather on encountering, identifying, and learning more about butterflies and moths! It started off slow as the day was overcast, but within half an hour, having learnt about wood whites, blues, and pansies, I was hooked, especially because I have always wanted to learn more about these beauties. I promptly obtained an identification guide and started walking around the house, trying to identify some of the butterflies in the garden.

Then…I found a caterpillar on my lemon tree growing in a pot on the verandah, and I decided to see if I could raise a butterfly. I put it into a large glass jar but soon realised that it was hard work to ensure an ample supply of fresh host plant material to raise it through all the instars. The leaves wilted so quickly. My energy surged every time it molted and changed so completely through the four instars (at least that is how many I counted). Before I knew it, the caterpillar was a pupa, and then the wait… Just before I gave up and thought it was surely dead, the most beautiful Citrus swallowtail butterfly emerged!

And then I saw another caterpillar on the lemon tree, and the whole process restarted…

The entire process of metamorphosis is an amazing phenomenon to witness, and much can be learned through careful study and observation.

What I learned

During the earliest instars, the caterpillar mostly stays on the host plant; they don’t necessarily need to be in the jar or tank at this early stage. However, beware: if you sleep too late, it may walk away never to be seen again (unless perhaps as a butterfly flying around in the garden).

It goes by quickly, and before you know it, the caterpillar becomes a pupa. Then, it feels like ages before the butterfly emerges. It takes around three weeks to reach the pupa stage and another three weeks until the butterfly appears.

Place several twigs upright or tilted inside the bottle. This offers additional spots for the larva to pupate and for the newly eclosed butterfly to cling to. Keep the jar or tank in a bright area but avoid direct sunlight, as this can significantly increase heat and create a harmful environment for the caterpillar.

These delicate creatures possess soft bodies and permeable skin, making it easy to inadvertently harm them. Minimize handling.

The butterfly, upon emergence, expands its wings to their full size and shape. However, the wings then need to dry and harden before it can fly. During this period, the butterfly must hang onto something unobstructed; it cannot successfully expand its wings on a flat surface.

These wonderful creatures, these ‘jewels on the wing’, symbolize everything that is beautiful and free in nature. Raising and releasing a healthy, vigorous butterfly is truly a cause for celebration!

“Forests of Kenya,” the Library Exhibition

By Vivienne Nandokha

 In celebration of the International Day of Forests on March 21, 2025, Nature Kenya’s Joint Library Committee – which includes a member from the National Museums of Kenya’s Botany Department Library – prepared an engaging and informative exhibition titled “Forests of Kenya.” This special display invites visitors to explore the incredible significance of Kenya’s forests, from their role as water catchment areas to their crucial contribution to combating climate change and preserving biodiversity.

The exhibition takes you on a journey through Kenya’s eight main forests, revealing their unique characteristics and the remarkable wildlife they support. However, it doesn’t stop there. It also highlights the threats these forests face, including deforestation and illegal logging, and showcases the inspiring conservation efforts being undertaken at national, community, and individual levels. Through the exhibition, visitors are exposed to success stories demonstrating positive change is possible and learning about practical ways they can contribute to protecting these precious ecosystems.

The exhibition opened on 20 March and will run until 20 June 2025. It offers students, researchers, nature enthusiasts, and curious minds an opportunity to deepen their understanding of Kenya’s forests. While there, visitors can also explore the Joint Library’s extensive collection of resources on forests and environmental conservation.

We warmly invite you to visit, learn, and join the effort to protect Kenya’s forests for future generations. Together, we can make a difference!

Mobilizing public support for conservation in Amboseli and Kwenia landscapes

By David Magoma

From March 9th to 14th, something exciting happened in the sweeping grasslands of Amboseli and the rugged cliffs of Kwenia. Nature Kenya brought together 14 local community groups – farmers, herders, and women’s groups – to join hands in protecting the incredible wildlife that shares their home.

These landscapes are special. Amboseli, where pastoralists graze their livestock, is also a renowned wildlife sanctuary and home to some of Africa’s most threatened birds, including the critically endangered White-backed Vulture. Not far, Kwenia’s rocky outcrops serve as a vital nesting ground for raptors like the Rüppell’s Vulture, Peregrine Falcon, Martial and Verreaux’s eagles. However, human-wildlife conflict poses a serious threat to these landscapes. When livestock is attacked and killed by predators like lions and leopards, frustrated communities sometimes retaliate by lacing carcasses with poison. Though not the intended target, vultures die after consuming the poisoned carcasses. This practice has led to a sharp decline in vulture numbers.

To minimise the danger and safeguard vulture populations, Nature Kenya is working with the communities to establish Site Support Groups (SSGs) – local networks that will tackle conservation challenges collectively. The groups will spread awareness about the dangers of poisoning wildlife, advocate for community voices in policy decisions, and explore sustainable ways to earn a living while conserving wildlife.

By the end of the engagement, 154 community members (men and women) had embraced the initiative. The next step is to strengthen the groups’ skills and empower them to lead conservation efforts from their villages.

KBA in Focus: Kianyaga Valleys

By: Martin Kiama

Located in Kirinyaga County, Kianyaga Valleys Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) is an idyllic landscape characterized by ridges, valleys and the meandering rivers Thiba and Mukengeria. It consists mostly of privately owned farms and is an important habitat for the endemic and globally threatened Hinde’s Babbler. The species lives in the dense bushes next to farm fences and also along riparian areas.

Despite their natural beauty, the Kianyaga Valleys face significant challenges threatening their biodiversity. The rapid growth in human population and subsequent demand for agricultural land have led to the clearing of bushes, the primary habitat of the Hinde’s Babbler. Local farmers have also planted exotic tree species, like Grevillea, as boundaries, and Napier grass along riverbanks and road reserves. These practices are beneficial to farmers but detrimental to the bird’s survival. Urbanisation and increased infrastructural development projects in the area, like the recent construction and commissioning of Thiba Dam, a large water reservoir, have exacerbated the situation. A recent visit to the site indicated that sightings of Hinde’s Babbler have become increasingly rare and that the community remains unaware of the existence of the KBA.

The future survival of Kianyaga Valleys’ biodiversity is delicate and can only be assured by concerted conservation efforts involving local communities. Community-led organizations like Castle and Kathandeini Community Forest Associations are leading in delivering conservation actions in the KBA. However, more efforts are required to promote practices that support livelihoods and conservation.

There is hope for Hinde’s Babblers, however, as the birds have also been seen in several areas around Thika, near Meru, in Makongo Forest in Makueni and in the new KBAs Mumoni and Mutitu Hills in Kitui County. Some Hinde’s Babblers have even reached Nairobi, with one bird recently caught, ringed and released at the National Museums of Kenya grounds!